Who regulates the markets where investments are traded?

The federal government plays a crucial role in regulating the markets where investments are traded, primarily through agencies such as the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in the United States. These regulatory bodies establish rules and standards to ensure fair trading practices, protect investors, and maintain the integrity of the financial markets.

The federal government's oversight includes the enforcement of securities laws, monitoring market participants, and overseeing public companies to ensure transparency and adherence to financial reporting standards. This regulatory framework is essential for fostering investor confidence and promoting a stable investment environment.

While state governments do have some regulatory authority, particularly concerning local businesses and potential investment scams, the overarching regulation of national markets falls under federal jurisdiction. Private companies may operate exchanges or investment vehicles, but they must comply with government regulations and cannot set the rules for the market themselves. International organizations, while influential in global finance and trade, do not directly regulate domestic investment markets.